real-time with Raspberry Pi
In the previous post I described a PID controller tested with randomly generated data in a controlled range. The simulation phase is now complete and the results look promising. Time to move to real hardware: connecting the algorithm to an actual pH probe. critical requirement: galvanic isolation Due to very low signal levels and extremely high input impedance of typical pH electrodes, full galvanic isolation between the probe circuitry and the rest of the system is mandatory. Any ground loop or leakage current destroys measurement accuracy. ...